It enters the exonuclease active site, where the mismatched bond is hydrolytically cleaved. The enzyme scans the template strand and assesses whether an incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate, or dNTP, can form the correct hydrogen bonds.
The Incorporation Stage: How DNA Polymerase Adds Nucleotides
The structural rearrangement effectively "locks" the correct base in place before the bond is finalized. The result is the formation of a phosphodiester bond that links the new nucleotide to the chain.
Proofreading For Fidelity To further ensure accuracy, many DNA polymerases possess a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. These interactions increase the processivity of the enzyme, allowing it to add thousands of nucleotides without dissociating.
The Incorporation Stage: How DNA Polymerase Adds Nucleotides One by One
Concurrently, a proton is released, maintaining the acid-base balance of the immediate environment. Activation Through Triphosphate Bond Hydrolysis Energy for the synthesis reaction is embedded in the structure of the nucleotide itself.
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