Viceroy: The monarch's personal representative resided permanently in the capital city. This vast viceroyalty, which existed for over three centuries, had a fixed seat of government that played a pivotal role in the development of the Spanish Empire in the New World.
16th to 18th Century Capital of New Spain: Mexico City
Mexico City: The Unquestioned Seat of Power The answer to the question regarding the capital is straightforward: Mexico City, known as Tenochtitlan when founded by the Aztecs in 1325, was designated as the capital of New Spain following the Spanish conquest in 1521. This flow of wealth transformed the city into a cosmopolitan hub, attracting merchants, clergy, and artists from across the empire and Europe.
All major decisions regarding legislation, taxation, and military affairs were formulated and executed from this location. Consequently, the city housed the Audiencia of Mexico, the highest judicial tribunal, which further cemented its status as the legal and judicial heart of the colony.
16th to 18th Century Capital of New Spain: Mexico City
The main plaza, or Zócalo, was established as the central administrative and commercial square, housing the palacio real (royal palace) and the cathedral. The concentration of wealth and religious institutions fostered a cultural golden age that defined the Baroque period in the Americas.
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