This exploration delves into the science behind stellar evolution, pinpointing the precise timeline for the sun’s transformation and ultimate demise. At this point, the sun will become a red giant, growing to a size that could reach the orbit of Mars.
When the Sun Loses Its Fusion Mass Capacity
Timeline of Key Events Event Estimated Timeline Hydrogen Depletion in Core ~5 billion years from now Red Giant Branch Start ~5. The increased energy production will cause the outer layers to expand massively, swallowing the inner planets.
Shedding Layers and Planetary Nebula As the red giant phase progresses, the sun will experience intense mass loss through powerful stellar winds. The remaining core, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, will collapse under gravity but will be prevented from becoming a neutron star or black hole due to its low mass.
When Sun Loses Fusion Mass Capacity and Enters Red Giant Phase
6 billion years, the star has approximately 5 to 6 billion years of stable energy production remaining before the core hydrogen is exhausted. This white dwarf will be roughly the size of Earth but contain most of the sun's original mass, slowly cooling and fading over billions of years.
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