At this point, the sun will become a red giant, growing to a size that could reach the orbit of Mars. Humanity’s fascination with the fate of our star is not merely academic; it strikes at the heart of our existence on Earth.
When Sun Dies: Earth Survival Guide
Shedding Layers and Planetary Nebula As the red giant phase progresses, the sun will experience intense mass loss through powerful stellar winds. This period is the longest phase of a star’s life, and for the sun, it lasts about 10 billion years total.
Helium Accumulation and Core Contraction As the hydrogen in the core depletes, the fusion rate slows down because there is less fuel available. The Main Sequence: Our Sun's Prime Currently, the sun is in a stable phase known as the main sequence, where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core.
When Sun Dies: Earth Survival Guide Through the Red Giant Phase
The surface will cool and glow a deep red, but the heat will be devastating for the Earth, likely rendering the planet uninhabitable long before the sun fully engulfs it. The remaining core, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, will collapse under gravity but will be prevented from becoming a neutron star or black hole due to its low mass.
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