The core, no longer generating as much outward pressure, begins to contract under its own weight. Timeline of Key Events Event Estimated Timeline Hydrogen Depletion in Core ~5 billion years from now Red Giant Branch Start ~5.
Humanity's Existence When the Sun Dies Out: Searching for Meaning
The Red Giant Phase In about 5 to 7 billion years, the sun will exhaust the hydrogen in its core and begin fusing hydrogen in a shell surrounding the core. Humanity’s fascination with the fate of our star is not merely academic; it strikes at the heart of our existence on Earth.
This white dwarf will be roughly the size of Earth but contain most of the sun's original mass, slowly cooling and fading over billions of years. During this stage, the sun will remain on the main sequence by burning hydrogen in a shell around the inert helium core, but the changes in its internal structure set the stage for a dramatic transformation.
Humanity's Existence When the Sun Dies Out and Our Meaning in the Universe
Instead, it will stabilize as a dense, hot remnant known as a white dwarf. This glowing shell of ionized gas will be illuminated by the hot core left behind, providing a breathtaking, albeit brief, display for any observers in the solar system.
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