If this sensor is obstructed by dust, debris, or even a protective case, macOS may incorrectly interpret the environment as being bright, thus preventing the backlight from engaging. Energy Saver and Auto‑Display Settings Energy conservation features in macOS can directly interfere with keyboard visibility.
Adjusting Keyboard Brightness and Fixing Lighting Issues
Many MacBook models utilize the F10 key to toggle the backlight on and off entirely. Review known issues on the Apple Support website related to your specific model.
This intelligent system relies on a light sensor located near the top of the display bezel. Use macOS Recovery to reinstall the system without erasing user data.
Adjusting Keyboard Brightness and Resolving Software Issues
Software Updates and System Management Operating system glitches are a common culprit behind peripheral malfunctions. Check the "Automatically put displays to sleep" option and adjust accordingly.
More About Why does my macbook keyboard not light up
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