Border States and Complex Allegiances Not all Southern states joined the Confederacy immediately; four border states—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri—remained in the Union despite allowing slavery. Their military strategy was largely defensive, aiming to outlast Northern political will and gain international recognition.
The Confederacy: Who Fought the North Complete Guide
This entity was formed in 1861 following the election of Lincoln, whom Southern states viewed as a direct threat to their economic and social structure. General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, effectively ended large-scale combat, though other Confederate forces held out for months.
The political and military leadership of the Confederacy was concentrated in Richmond, Virginia, which served as the Confederate capital until its fall in April 1865. The Emancipation Proclamation also reframed the war as a moral crusade against slavery, making it politically difficult for European nations to openly support the South.
The Confederacy: Who Fought the North Complete Guide
The aftermath of the war led to the Reconstruction era, a turbulent period focused on reintegrating the Southern states and defining the legal status of the newly freed African American population. Southern states argued they had the sovereign right to secede, while the Union maintained that secession was illegal and treasonous.
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