The solar radiation that does arrive is spread over a much larger area and passes through more of the atmosphere, losing energy before it even reaches the ground. The Dominance of the Siberian High During the cold months, Mongolia lies under the immense influence of the Siberian High, a vast area of high-pressure air that forms over the frozen tundra of Siberia.
The Mongolia Plateau Effect: How Elevation and Geography Drive the Cold Climate
Understanding why Mongolia is so cold requires looking beyond simple geography to examine its position on the planet, the forces that shape its weather, and the unique features of its landscape. This continentality means summers can become intensely hot, while winters achieve a deep, penetrating cold that touches the bone, a direct consequence of being so far removed from the moderating influence of any major water body.
Mongolia sits in the heart of Eurasia, a landlocked expanse where winter temperatures can plummet beyond -40 degrees Celsius. The Role of the Tibetan Plateau The massive uplift of the Tibetan Plateau to the south fundamentally alters the atmospheric circulation around Mongolia.
The Mongolia Plateau Effect: How Elevation and Location Create Extreme Cold
Continentality and Distance from the Sea Its status as the world’s most landlocked country is a primary reason for Mongolia’s severity. Air masses traveling over thousands of kilometers of dry land lose any residual warmth or moisture, reaching Mongolia already frigid.
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