Air masses traveling over thousands of kilometers of dry land lose any residual warmth or moisture, reaching Mongolia already frigid. Continentality and Distance from the Sea Its status as the world’s most landlocked country is a primary reason for Mongolia’s severity.
How the Siberian High Dominates Mongolia's Winter Cold
Fresh snow has a high albedo, meaning it reflects up to 90% of the sun’s energy back into space. Acting as a巨大的热源 (a massive heat source) in the summer, it helps to pull in warmer air, but in the winter, it becomes a巨大的冷源 (a massive cold source).
The Dominance of the Siberian High During the cold months, Mongolia lies under the immense influence of the Siberian High, a vast area of high-pressure air that forms over the frozen tundra of Siberia. The high altitude of the plateau means the air above Mongolia is often colder, and the topography channels freezing winds down from the high mountains of the north and west, accelerating the chill across the steppe.
How the Siberian High Dominates Mongolia's Winter Cold
This prevents the ground from absorbing heat, keeping the surface temperature low. The bright white cover also encourages colder air to settle, making it increasingly difficult for temperatures to climb and melt the accumulated snow.
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