The primary catalyst was the aggressive fundraising campaign led by Dominican friar Johann Tetzel, who promised salvation and relief from purgatory to those who purchased indulgences. The formal break occurred in 1521 when Pope Leo X issued the papal bull *Exsurge Domine*, demanding Luther recant.
Lutheran Church Founded 1580 Book Concord
Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517, marking the effective founding of the Lutheran movement. This treaty legally recognized the Lutheran Church (alongside Catholicism) within the Empire, allowing rulers to determine the faith of their territory.
Theological clarity solidified the Lutheran identity beyond mere political separation. This singular act of protest was not intended to create a new church but to spark an academic debate regarding the sale of indulgences and the corruption within the Holy Roman Empire.
Lutheran Church Founded 1580 Book Concord
The translation of the Bible into German by Luther in 1522, which standardized the language and made scripture accessible to the laity. Luther, a professor of biblical theology, viewed this as a distortion of the Gospel.
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