To the north, the towering Himalayan mountain range forms a formidable and largely impenetrable wall, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. This territory is contested among India, Pakistan, and China, with each nation administering a portion.
LAC Tension and the Management of Disputed Areas Along India's Frontiers
Land Borders with Neighboring Nations India shares its land borders with six sovereign nations, each relationship presenting unique historical and contemporary dynamics. The country possesses an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that spans approximately 2.
These include definitive maritime boundaries with Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean, as well as agreements with Bangladesh and Myanmar that delimit the continental shelf and territorial waters in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The colonial period under British rule imposed a framework, notably the Durand Line in 1893, which demarcated the border between British India and Afghanistan, a line that remains a source of contention today.
LAC Tension and the Management of Disputed Areas Along India's Land Borders
The Line of Control (LoC) separates Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-administered areas, while the Line of Actual Control (LAC) delineates the de facto border with China in the northern and eastern sectors. Post-independence in 1947, the partition created the international borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh, leading to subsequent wars and negotiations that refined the map we see today.
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