His reign serves as a pivotal case study in population genetics, illustrating how royal convenience can lead to dynastic collapse. He suffered from mandibular prognathism, a condition that caused a severe underbite so pronounced it interfered with his speech and ability to chew.
Habsburg Inbreeding Population Genetics: Tracing the Lineage of Extreme Inbreeding in the Spanish Dynasty
His reign, which lasted from 1665 to 1700, was defined by severe physical and mental disabilities directly attributable to generations of intermarriage within the family. The Genetic Legacy of the Spanish Habsburgs The Habsburg dynasty, which ruled Spain from the 16th to the early 18th century, practiced strategic marriages to maintain power across Europe.
The most inbred Habsburg king is generally considered to be Charles II of Spain, the last ruler of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. This extreme inbreeding explains his multifaceted health deterioration and highlights the biological limits of dynastic politics.
Habsburg Inbreeding Population Genetics: Tracing the Lineage of Extreme Inbreeding in the Spanish Dynasty
This led to a high coefficient of inbreeding over successive generations. Studies suggest that Charles II had an inbreeding coefficient of approximately 0.
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