Nicknamed "The Bewitched," Charles II exhibited a constellation of genetic disorders that made him the most striking example of the dangers of royal inbreeding. 254, equivalent to the offspring of a parent and child or a full sibling union.
How Inbreeding Fueled the War of Spanish Succession and Created Charles II
Physical Manifestations of Inbreeding Charles II’s physical appearance was profoundly affected by his lineage. His reign serves as a pivotal case study in population genetics, illustrating how royal convenience can lead to dynastic collapse.
Studies suggest that Charles II had an inbreeding coefficient of approximately 0. He was also extremely frail, suffering from chronic digestive issues and impotence, which resulted in the failure to produce an heir.
The Inbreeding Legacy Behind the War of Spanish Succession
He suffered from mandibular prognathism, a condition that caused a severe underbite so pronounced it interfered with his speech and ability to chew. The myth of the "Habsburg jaw" is most accurately embodied in the tragic figure of the Bewitched King, a monarch whose genetics sealed the fate of his empire.
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