In the north, the Atlantic Ocean was a narrow seaway, but it was widening rapidly. This intense warmth was driven by high concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, creating a potent greenhouse effect.
Cretaceous Greenhouse World 100 Million Years Ago: A Climate in Transition
However, these rulers shared the land with a stunning array of other creatures: armored ankylosaurs, horned ceratopsians, and the first birds, which were just beginning to take flight, flapping alongside their pterosaur cousins in the skies. The supercontinent Pangaea had long since broken apart, but the major landmasses were still in a state of dramatic rearrangement.
The Shifting Continents: A Map in Flux The physical arrangement of the world’s continents was dramatically different. 5-billion-year history, characterized by a greenhouse environment, continents in radical motion, and an unprecedented explosion of life.
Cretaceous Greenhouse World 100 Million Years Ago: A Warming Continent and Rising Seas
A revolutionary change was underway on land with the explosive diversification of flowering plants, or angiosperms. North America was separated from Europe by the Tethys Ocean, and South America was just beginning its slow northward journey toward Central America.
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