Economic devastation and systemic corruption in countries like Eritrea and Somalia further compounded the push factors, rendering life unsustainable for vast segments of the population and making the perilous journey northward appear as the only viable option for survival. Initial calls for a more equitable distribution of asylum seekers among member states faltered in the face of rising political resistance and nationalism.
2015 Migration Crisis Exploitation Risks: Vulnerabilities in the Midst of Overwhelming Pressure
Meanwhile, the Western Balkan route saw thousands traversing on foot from Greece through the Republic of North Macedonia and Serbia, aiming for eventual entry into the European Union. Internally, temporary mechanisms such as the relocation scheme struggled to gain traction, revealing deep-seated divisions over solidarity and responsibility-sharing among European nations faced with an unprecedented challenge.
Driven by a confluence of violence, persecution, and systemic failure, the year saw over a million individuals risk treacherous journeys in search of safety and opportunity. The Syrian Civil War, entering its fifth brutal year, had displaced millions, with the Islamic State's brutal expansion creating a specific climate of terror that prompted mass exodus.
2015 Migration Crisis Exploitation Risks: Vulnerabilities in the System
The Eastern Mediterranean route from Turkey to the Greek islands became a notorious corridor, frequently overcrowded with flimsy vessels ill-equipped for the Aegean Sea's volatility. Simultaneously, the conflict in Ukraine's Donbas region intensified, while instability in Afghanistan, Iraq, and parts of the Horn of Africa created a pervasive environment of insecurity.
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