The famous Muslin of Bengal faced extinction as British mill-produced cloth took over. Cities like Dhaka, Surat, and Bombay were bustling hubs of production and export.
Workshops Shut Down India's Industrial Era
They imposed high tariffs on Indian goods entering Britain, while British manufactured goods, particularly machine-made textiles, were dumped into the Indian market duty-free or at very low rates. The introduction of the railway, while often cited as development, was primarily designed to move raw materials to ports for export and troops for control, not to integrate the Indian domestic market efficiently.
The legacy of this period continues to shape the Indian economy today. The introduction of the power loom in Britain created a price point that no handloom weaver in India could survive.
Workshops Shut Down India's Industrial Era
This transition effectively closed the independent industrial sector, reducing India to a dependent agrarian economy. Agricultural Transformation: Land revenue systems forced peasants to grow cash crops for export, reducing food security and tying the economy to volatile global markets.
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