In Michigan, they were once a native species, particularly in the Upper Peninsula and potentially the northern Lower Peninsula, where they fit into the high-altitude and cold-climate ecosystems of the time. Consequently, while a wolverine might physically traverse the forests of Michigan, it does not constitute a native, sustainable population in the ecological sense.
2024 Genetic Evidence Review: Wolverine Native Status in Michigan
This genetic differentiation suggests that the historical populations were separated and that the current individuals in Michigan represent a relict or recolonizing group with limited gene flow. The low numbers make the population vulnerable to inbreeding depression and reduce their long-term viability without natural migration from healthier Canadian sources.
The animals currently present in the state are almost certainly transient individuals dispersing from larger populations in Canada or Wisconsin. Scientific analysis provides further insight into the genetic isolation of Great Lakes wolverine populations.
2024 Genetic Evidence Review: Assessing Wolverine Michigan Native Status
Furthermore, unregulated trapping and predator control programs aimed at protecting livestock decimated their numbers. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, wolverines were far more widespread across the northern tier of North America.
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