This addition provided the Central Powers with a crucial gateway to attack Serbia from the east, eventually forcing the Serbian army into a harrowing retreat through Albania. Opening fronts against Russia in the Caucasus and against British interests in the Mesopotamian and Sinai campaigns, the Ottomans stretched the resources of the Entente to their limit.
Brest-Litovsk Treaty: Terms and Impact on the Central Powers
Bulgaria joined the axis in 1915, motivated by the promise of regaining territories lost in the Second Balkan War, specifically Thrace and parts of Macedonia. The subsequent Hundred Days Offensive demonstrated the dwindling morale and resources of the Central Powers, leading to a rapid collapse on multiple fronts.
The alliance operated on the belief that a short, decisive campaign would secure dominance, a miscalculation that would lead to years of stagnation and attrition. The term axis countries WW1 refers to the military alliance that stood in opposition to the Entente Powers during the First World War.
Brest-Litovsk Treaty: Terms and Impact on the Central Powers
While the war began as a regional dispute in the Balkans, the rigid blocs ensured that a localized incident escalated into a total war involving the world's great powers. Austria-Hungary’s objective was to decisively subdue Serbia, viewing it as a direct threat to the integrity of its multi-ethnic empire.
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