The Current Phase: Main Sequence Stability For the vast majority of its life, a star like our Sun exists in the main sequence phase. After this ejection, the core itself will collapse under its own gravity, but not enough to create a supernova.
Sun's Red Giant Phase: Earth's Survival Timeline
This is a period of equilibrium where the immense gravitational pressure at the core is balanced by the outward pressure from nuclear fusion. Timeline for Red Giant Phase: Begins in approximately 5 billion years.
Meanwhile, the outer layers of the star expand dramatically, cooling as they do so. During this expansion, the Sun's radius will grow so large that it will likely engulf the orbits of Mercury and Venus, and possibly even reach the Earth's current position, rendering the planet uninhabitable long before physical contact.
Sun's Red Giant Phase: Earth's Survival Timeline
By the time the Sun has completely faded, the universe itself may be in a state of heat death, with galaxies long since drifted apart and star formation ceased. The Final Acts: Planetary Nebula and Stellar Remnants Once the red giant phase concludes, the Sun will shed its outer layers into space, creating a spectacular planetary nebula.
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