The core contracts under gravity, heats up, and begins to fuse helium into heavier elements like carbon and oxygen. The Final Acts: Planetary Nebula and Stellar Remnants Once the red giant phase concludes, the Sun will shed its outer layers into space, creating a spectacular planetary nebula.
Sun's Core Collapse: Gravity's Inevitable Triumph Without a Supernova
Timeline for Red Giant Phase: Begins in approximately 5 billion years. The energy produced in this core process is what creates the solar wind and the heliosphere, protecting our solar system from some cosmic rays.
Core Hydrogen Depletion and Expansion As the hydrogen in the core is exhausted, the balance shifts. The carbon and oxygen atoms forged in its core, and scattered into the interstellar medium by the planetary nebula, become the building blocks for new stars, planets, and potentially life.
Sun's Core Collapse: Gravity Takes Over Without a Supernova
Currently, the Sun is about halfway through this stable stage, having burned hydrogen into helium for roughly 4. This is a period of equilibrium where the immense gravitational pressure at the core is balanced by the outward pressure from nuclear fusion.
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