The drop is positioned just above a slide that has been slightly heated; as the droplet makes contact, the surface tension and heat cause the cells to rupture, spreading the chromosomes across the glass. This laboratory technique allows clinicians to detect chromosomal abnormalities that are often the root cause of developmental delays, infertility, and various congenital disorders.
Steps to Prepare a Karyotype Slide
Step One: Collecting and Culturing the Sample The initial phase of preparing a sample focuses on obtaining viable cells capable of division. This culturing period, which typically lasts 72 to 96 hours, is critical because chromosomes are only visible to the naked eye when the cell is actively preparing to divide.
A trypsin enzyme briefly treats the chromosomes, followed by staining with Giemsa dye. Step Three: Harvesting and Fixing the Cells Once the cells are arrested, they must be harvested and fixed to preserve their structure.
Steps to Prepare a Karyotype Slide
A karyotype provides a visual map of the chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern. This solution causes the cells to swell, pushing the chromosomes apart from each other, which reduces overlap and improves resolution.
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