These mountains block cold air from Central Asia, protecting the Indian subcontinent from deeper freezes, but they also create their own extreme environments. Variability and Risk While the monsoon is a predictable annual event, its intensity is notoriously variable.
South Asia Seasonal Rainfall Distribution Across the Region
At higher elevations, the climate is alpine, featuring long, harsh winters with heavy snowfall and cool summers. When the rains arrive early, linger too long, or deliver intense bursts over short periods, the consequences can be severe.
This results in the southwest monsoon, typically arriving between June and September, which is responsible for over 70% of rainfall in countries like India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. The pre-monsoon months of March, April, and May are frequently characterized by intense heatwaves, with temperatures soaring above 40°C in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and parts of Pakistan.
South Asia Seasonal Rainfall Distribution Across the Region
Nations like Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and the coastal strips of India and Bangladesh experience consistently high temperatures year-round, often hovering between 25°C and 32°C. Geographical Zoning of Climate The topography of South Asia creates striking climatic zones within a relatively small area.
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