Development of centralized tax collection systems. In tandem, the rise of state churches, such as the Church of England under Henry VIII, allowed rulers to assert control over spiritual matters, merging religious obedience with political loyalty and further isolating them from external checks on their power.
The Forces That Forged Social Order and Strengthened Absolute Monarchies
Sponsorship of mercantilist policies to accumulate national wealth. By monopolizing the means of warfare—owning the artillery and the paid soldiers—the ruler eliminated the military power base of the nobility.
The political theorists of the Enlightenment, while often critical of dogma, also provided intellectual fuel for centralization. Kings were often more akin to first among equals than supreme rulers, facing constant challenges to their authority.
The Development of Centralized Control and State Power
This doctrine discouraged rebellion and sacralized the state. This technological shift effectively disarmed the feudal aristocracy, making resistance futile and centralizing defensive capabilities directly under the crown.
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