This innovation created a new kind of reader and a new kind of journalism. Newspapers were explicitly the organs of political parties, and subscription costs kept them largely out of reach of the common citizen.
Partisan Press and the Political Newspaper Era
The Penny Press and Mass Consumption The mid-19th century democratized news through a technological and economic shift known as the Penny Press. Before the 1830s, newspapers cost six cents, placing them firmly in the realm of the affluent.
Published by Benjamin Harris, it was an ambitious four-page paper that included reports on the French and Indian war and accused the British of mistreating Native Americans. During the American Revolution, the newspaper was as vital as the musket, shaping a new national identity built on the exchange of ideas.
The Rise of Partisan Press Political Newspapers in Early America
Seeds of a Free Press in the Colonial Era Long before the United States existed, the model for a free press was being tested and often suppressed. The *Sun*'s success, followed by the *New York Herald* and *The New York Times*, shifted the focus from partisan opinion to mass-market entertainment and vital public information, setting the standard for the modern newspaper.
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