Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large amount of energy. Chain Reaction and Control The released neutrons can strike other fissile nuclei, causing them to split and release more neutrons.
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Nevertheless, the management of spent fuel, which remains radioactive for thousands of years, requires secure long-term storage. Understanding the science behind nuclear fission allows societies to make informed decisions about energy policy, risk management, and innovation.
Beyond electricity, fission is used in medical isotopes for cancer treatment, in scientific research, and historically, in propulsion systems for naval vessels such as submarines and icebreakers. When a single U-235 nucleus undergoes fission, it releases about 200 million electron volts of energy.
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To prevent the reaction from accelerating uncontrollably, nuclear power plants use control rods made of materials that absorb neutrons. This reaction releases far more energy per unit mass than chemical processes like burning coal or gasoline, making it a powerful source of heat that can be transformed into electricity.
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