The volcano injected approximately 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it formed a haze of sulfuric acid droplets. Pyroclastic flows, which are fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter, ravaged the surrounding valleys, destroying everything in their path.
1991 Eruption Climate Impact: Global Cooling and Environmental Aftermath
In late March 1991, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) detected a series of volcanic earthquakes, indicating the movement of magma toward the surface. Subsequently, monsoon rains mixed with the fresh volcanic ash, triggering massive lahars—volcanic mudflows—that cascaded down the mountainside for years afterward.
They established a evacuation zone that ultimately saved tens of thousands of lives. This layer reflected incoming solar radiation, leading to a measurable decrease in global temperatures.
1991 Eruption Climate Impact: Global Cooling and Environmental Aftermath
PHIVOLCS and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) worked tirelessly to monitor the escalating crisis. 5 degrees Celsius, a phenomenon that provided scientists with a natural laboratory to study climate response to volcanic forcing.
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