Interval Data: The Mathematics of Difference Interval data offers order and equal intervals between values, but it lacks a true zero. Temperature (°C or °F): 20°C is indeed 10 degrees warmer than 10°C, but 0°C does not mean "no temperature.
Understanding Measurement Scales: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
The only valid mathematical operations involve checking for equality or inequality. IQ scores: A score of 0 does not imply the absence of intelligence.
You cannot perform arithmetic operations like addition or subtraction on them; you can only count frequencies. However, you must avoid calculating the mean or standard deviation, as the equal intervals assumption is violated.
Measurement Scales Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
Eye color (blue, brown, green) Marital status (single, married, divorced) Product categories (electronics, clothing, groceries) Zip codes (used as identifiers, not mathematical values) When analyzing nominal data, you rely on counts and percentages. The key is to evaluate whether the data has a true zero, equal intervals, or merely a logical order.
More About Nominal vs ordinal vs interval vs ratio examples
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