In theory, these corporations would resolve class conflict by organizing the economy into sectors, with agreements negotiated under Fascist supervision. Parliament was formally retained but stripped of real power, turned into a stage for rubber-stamp legislation that affirmed the Duce’s decrees.
Italian Fascism Mass Movement National Revival Order
Mussolini, initially a socialist journalist, pivoted to create a new kind of mass movement that promised national revival and absolute order. Trade unions were replaced by Fascist syndicates that coordinated labor but removed the right to strike.
This monopoly on political life was reinforced through propaganda that saturated schools, youth organizations like the Balilla, and mass rallies designed to generate emotional loyalty. The Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, founded in 1919, became the vehicle for this ambition, merging revolutionary syndicalist rhetoric with aggressive nationalism.
Italian Fascism Mass Movement National Revival Order
Militarism, Expansionism, and the Cult of Personality Foreign policy became an extension of the domestic logic of the Mussolini form of government, emphasizing militarism and imperial ambition. Large industrialists initially supported Mussolini for crushing socialism, but they gradually lost autonomy as the state intervened in planning, investment, and production.
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