Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem), and the Golan Heights. Late Ottoman Era and Early Zionist Settlement (1880s–1917) In the late 19th century, the region of Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire, with a predominantly Arab Muslim population, alongside Christian and Jewish minorities.
Israel Palestine Conflict 1920s Origins: Late Ottoman Era and Early Zionist Settlement
Initial purchases of land from absentee Ottoman owners led to tensions with local Palestinian peasants, marking the beginning of a demographic and political struggle that the Ottoman authorities struggled to manage. The Peel Commission in 1937 proposed partition, a solution rejected by Arab leaders and accepted in principle by Zionists, setting the stage for further escalation.
British Mandate and the 1917 Balfour Declaration (1917–1948) During World War I, the British Empire captured Palestine from the Ottomans. In 1917, the British issued the Balfour Declaration, expressing support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people," while stipulating that nothing should prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities.
Israel Palestine Conflict 1920s Origins and Key Early Developments
1948 War and the Nakba Following the United Nations Partition Plan of 1947, which proposed dividing Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War erupted immediately after Israel's declaration of independence in May 1948. British rule saw increasing Jewish immigration and land acquisition, leading to violent clashes, notably the 1929 riots and the Arab Revolt (1936–1939).
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