This narrow, yet vital, artery, formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, defines the southern boundary between the two nations and provides the only outlet to the Persian Gulf for Iraq. However, this agreement was deeply resented in Tehran, viewed not as a fair resolution but as a humiliation imposed by the Shah’s regime.
International Distraction Superpower Invasion
Fearing a wider regional war and wary of being seen as an aggressor, Iran largely ceased its support for the Kurds just as the Iraqis were preparing their invasion. Kurdish Insurgency and Regional Fears Another contributing factor was the Kurdish rebellion simmering in the northern mountains of Iraq.
However, this policy was short-lived. Ambition and Miscalculation in Baghdad Saddam Hussein’s personal ambitions and strategic miscalculations were critical in transforming simmering tensions into open warfare.
International Distraction Superpower Invasion
This new government actively sought to export its Islamic revolution, promoting Shiite uprisism across the predominantly Sunni Arab territories of the Gulf. With the Shah gone, the new Iranian government initially hoped to continue this support to keep pressure on Saddam.
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