However, the biological drive of viruses necessitates an understanding of resistance mechanisms. This is where the integrase enzyme comes into play.
Integrase Enzymes and the Viral DNA Integration Mechanism
These drugs are designed to mimic the natural substrates of the integrase enzyme, specifically the 3'-processing complex and the integrase-DNA complex. These molecules function by blocking the action of the viral integrase enzyme, a protein essential for the integration of viral DNA into the genome of the host cell.
The enzyme acts as a molecular pair of scissors and glue, cutting the host DNA and stitching the viral DNA into the cut, creating a stable provirus that can remain dormant or become active immediately. By binding to the active site of the enzyme, the inhibitors prevent the integrase from catalyzing the critical strand transfer reaction, where the viral DNA is joined to the host chromosome.
Integrase Enzyme and Viral DNA Integration Mechanism
The application of these drugs extends beyond simple infection control; by maintaining a near-undetectable viral load, they reduce the risk of transmission and allow individuals to live long, healthy lives. They are often preferred as first-line therapy due to their rapid viral suppression capabilities and minimal impact on metabolic parameters.
More About Mechanism of action of integrase inhibitors
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