Legal System and Judicial Authority The judicial system in Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia law, interpreted by the Hanbali school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. While it declares the Quran and the Sunnah as the constitution, the Basic Law codifies the monarch’s absolute authority and establishes the framework for the council of ministers, which operates under royal decree.
Hanbali School Influence on Saudi Arabia's Judicial Authority
Courts apply Islamic law in both criminal and civil matters, and recent reforms have introduced specialized commercial and labor courts to modernize the legal landscape while maintaining core religious principles. The King and senior princes negotiate international agreements, manage alliances, and represent the country in global forums.
National policies, especially in economic and social reform, are driven by the monarchy’s vision, such as Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and strengthen state institutions. Additionally, various royal advisory committees and tribal consultations play informal roles in influencing policy, reflecting the blend of traditional and modern governance structures.
Hanbali School's Influence on Saudi Arabia's Judicial Authority and Governance Structure
The King serves as both head of state and head of government, wielding extensive powers that encompass executive, legislative, and judicial functions. It outlines the structure of the state, the rules of succession, and the responsibilities of various state institutions.
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