The official cause was recorded as severe indigestion and a putrid fever, but the underlying cause was the accumulated genetic damage from generations of inbreeding. In his last hours, he experienced convulsions and extreme lethargy.
Habsburg Decline After Charles II Death: The Fall of Spain's Last Inbred Monarchy
Mentally, he was considered slow, unable to grasp complex political situations, and heavily dependent on his advisors. This succession was contested by the Habsburgs of Austria, who feared a union of the French and Spanish crowns.
This combination of physical and mental issues made him one of the most notorious "invalid kings" in European history. Charles II of Spain, the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire, died on November 1, 1700, at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid.
Habsburg Decline After the Death of the Last Hereditary Weak King
The resulting conflict, the War of the Spanish Succession, lasted over a decade and fundamentally altered the balance of power, leading to the decline of Spanish dominance in Europe. His physicians performed aggressive treatments, including bloodletting and the application of poultices, but these archaic methods only weakened him further.
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