While the Ottomans were a dominant imperial power, their rule was often indirect, relying on local Arab rulers who paid tribute and provided troops. The area that would become Saudi Arabia existed within the sphere of the Ottoman Empire for centuries.
Foreign Policy Guidance Protection Exchange: Navigating Colonial Influence and Alliances
The United States, in particular, forged a close alliance with Saudi Arabia, securing access to oil reserves in exchange for military protection and political support. However, this does not mean the region escaped external influence, domination, or the geopolitical maneuvering of foreign empires throughout its history.
The Hashemite Sharifs and British Promises During World War I, the British sought to weaken the Ottomans by supporting Arab revolts. The relationship between Saudi Arabia and colonialism is complex, often leading to the question: was Saudi Arabia ever colonized? The short answer is no, the region that constitutes the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was never formally colonized by a European power in the way India, Africa, or Indonesia were.
Foreign Policy Guidance Under Neo-Colonial Influence and Protection Exchange
This relationship has sometimes been described as a form of neo-colonialism or imperialism, where economic and strategic interests dictate foreign policy rather than direct political control. The Ottomans exerted control over the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, known as the Hejaz, through appointed Sharifs.
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