He solidified his rule by intervening in Rome and was subsequently crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962. The Carolingian Conquest and the Imperial Claim The political landscape shifted dramatically with the invasion of Italy by the Franks.
First King of Italy in 1861: Garibaldi and the Birth of the Kingdom
Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, crossed the Alps in 773 at the request of the Pope, who sought protection against the Lombards. The geographical concept of "Italy" as a unified nation is a relatively modern construct, formalized in 1861.
By 774, Charlemagne had defeated the Lombard kingdom and was crowned "King of the Lombards. His assumption of the Italian throne marked the end of the fragmentation and the realization of the dream of a unified Italian monarchy, a position held until the abolition of the monarchy in 1946.
First King of Italy in 1861: Garibaldi and the Birth of the Kingdom
Otto I established the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy as central pillars of what would become the Holy Roman Empire, making him the first undisputed king to use the specific title. While he did not use the specific title "King of Italy," his court in Ravenna effectively made him the de facto ruler of the entire peninsula.
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