A serf was tied to the estate, meaning they could not leave without the lord’s permission, and this status was often inherited by their children. Unlike a slave, a serf could not be bought or sold independently of the land, yet they were not a free peasant owning their own plot.
The End of Serfdom in Western Europe During the Middle Ages
However, these rights were contingent on the lord’s goodwill and could be restricted or taxed heavily. This created a stable, though rigid, economic framework where the lord provided protection and the serf provided essential agricultural output.
The term "serf" derives from the Latin "servus," meaning slave or servant, highlighting this subjugation. The key distinction lies in the combination of tied residence, labor obligations, and restricted mobility that defines the serf, placing them between slavery and complete freedom.
End Of Serfdom in Western Europe: The Middle Ages Transition
They were also entitled to the protection of the law, albeit limited. The serf’s home was often a simple hut within the village, and their diet was basic, heavily dependent on the yield of their labor and the generosity of the lord.
More About What is serfdom mean
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