When the replication machinery encounters lesions, breaks, or distortions in the DNA helix, Polymerase II is recruited to the site of trouble. Gap Filling: After endonucleases and exonucleases remove damaged DNA, the resulting gap is filled by DNA Polymerase II.
DNA Polymerase II Vs Polymerase III: Understanding the Difference
Central Role in DNA Repair A defining characteristic of DNA Polymerase II is its pivotal involvement in the DNA damage response. This measured pace allows for greater accuracy in identifying and correcting mismatches during the synthesis phase.
In prokaryotes, Polymerase I is primarily involved in removing RNA primers and filling the resulting gaps, whereas Polymerase III is the main replicative enzyme. Proofreading Activity: It possesses 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, allowing it to excise incorrectly incorporated nucleotides during repair synthesis.
DNA Polymerase II Vs Polymerase III: Key Differences in Repair and Replication
It acts as a backup polymerase, filling in the gaps left by excision repair mechanisms that remove damaged segments. Structural Features Enabling Specificity The enzyme's structure is exquisitely designed for its dual roles in replication and repair.
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