Its expansion has swallowed surrounding municipalities, creating a continuous metropolitan region where the line between city and periphery is increasingly blurred, concentrating immense population mass in a geographically compact area. This pattern is not random but is the result of deep historical forces, complex geographical constraints, and powerful economic currents that continue to shape the country’s social and environmental landscape.
Regional Inequality and Demographic Shifts Across Mexico
The result is a landscape of profound spatial inequality, where prosperity and population density are tightly coupled in specific zones. This plateau, flanked by the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental mountain ranges, offers conditions suitable for large-scale agriculture and human settlement, explaining its historical pull.
These cities, often built on the ruins of indigenous capitals, were designed according to a grid plan centered on a main square, creating a durable urban template. Advanced cultures like the Maya and Aztec established complex societies in specific ecological zones, favoring river valleys and elevated plateaus with reliable water sources.
Regional Inequality and Demographic Shifts Across Mexico's Landscape
With the arrival of Spanish colonizers, this inherited geography was overlaid with a new administrative framework centered on the colonial city, the ciudad. Consequently, a significant portion of Mexico’s current population remains concentrated in the historic highland corridor, a direct inheritance of these centuries-old foundations.
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