The Geographical Divide The separation between these two major landmasses is defined by one of the most significant natural features on Earth. 83°N) Direct Northern Neighbor Caribbean Sea, Central America Central America, Caribbean Islands Geological and Historical Context The geological history of the region explains why this configuration exists.
The Continental Divide: Shaping the Atlantic and Pacific Across North and South America
The climate zones also shift dramatically, moving from the tropical heat of the Amazon Basin in South America to the temperate and arctic conditions found across the northern reaches of North America. Countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama are transcontinental, with their northern portions firmly in North America and their southern portions in South America.
12°N) Cape Columbia, Canada (approx. Air travel between the continents relies on the thin stretch of land in the Central American isthmus.
The Continental Divide Shaping the Atlantic and Pacific Waters of North and South America
To the immediate north of the northernmost point of South America, which is the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia, the waters of the Caribbean Sea lap against the shores of islands that are politically part of North America, such as the Bahamas and other Caribbean nations. Major shipping routes from South America to Europe or North America must navigate the waters north of the continent.
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