The institution of slavery was the central economic engine of the South and the primary catalyst for the conflict. This entity was formed in 1861 following the election of Lincoln, whom Southern states viewed as a direct threat to their economic and social structure.
Civil War Divisions: Border State Loyalty and the Conflict's Complex Allegiances
The primary belligerent who fought the North in the American Civil War was the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven Southern states that seceded from the Union. The End of the Conflict and Its Lasting Impact The Civil War concluded in the spring of 1865 with the surrender of the main Confederate armies.
Border States and Complex Allegiances Not all Southern states joined the Confederacy immediately; four border states—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri—remained in the Union despite allowing slavery. The aftermath of the war led to the Reconstruction era, a turbulent period focused on reintegrating the Southern states and defining the legal status of the newly freed African American population.
Civil War Divisions: Border State Loyalty and Allegiance
Their struggle was not just military but also a test of nation-building under extreme duress. Southern states argued they had the sovereign right to secede, while the Union maintained that secession was illegal and treasonous.
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