He levied Ship Money, a tax traditionally reserved for coastal counties, inland regions, forcing the gentry to fund naval defense. The Personal Rule and Religious Upheaval For eleven years from 1629 to 1640, Charles I governed without Parliament, a period known as the Personal Rule.
Charles I Arrests Five Commons Members in 1640 Parliamentary Crisis
The Divine Right and Inherited Troubles Charles I ascended to the throne with a firm belief in the Divine Right of Kings, a doctrine asserting that monarchs derive their authority directly from God. This campaign alienated a large segment of the Scottish population, who signed the National Covenant to preserve their Presbyterian faith, directly challenging the King’s authority north of the border.
When Parliament refused to grant the taxes he demanded to fund his wars, the King resorted to archaic feudal dues and fines. This conflict was not merely political but touched the very fabric of religion and law, setting the stage for a period of profound national trauma.
Charles I Arrests Five Commons Members Tensions Flare 1640
After years of brutal fighting, the Royalist cause collapsed. When this Parliament refused to grant funds until grievances were addressed, it was dissolved.
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